I wrote a little Python script that reads in a text file that contains a list of fully qualified files, and checks to see if they exist. I originally wrote it using the argparse module. It was set up to take a filename and a switch, so the command looked like:

"Python dplcheck.py --plname "testing.lst” --showexist y"

This worked fine for a single file, but I wanted to run it for every one of hundreds of list files in a directory, so I wrote another script that generates a list of the .lst files in a directory and calls the first script for each one. But I could not get the second script to pass the arguments in the call to the first script. I tried subprocess.run and subprocess.call, with many different syntaxes and quotes, etc. I ended up removing the use of argparse and just using sys.argv[n] -- which I don't particularly like, since it has no defaults or error handling, etc.

Does anyone know how/if I can call a Python script from another Python script and pass the arguments when the called script uses argparse?

I'm trying to install marker-pdf and then hit with an error,

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

ERROR: Failed building wheel for pillow

Failed to build pillow

error: failed-wheel-build-for-install

× Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects

╰─> pillow

I've tried to upgrade pip, reinstalling setuptools, wheel, pillow, and none works, the error remains. What should I do?

OS: Arch Linux
Python: 3.14

I’m a brand new python user. Very experienced using R. I will be using python for LCA modeling via the brightway tool. For a python newbie, please drop any tips, tricks, learning guides. Ideally I need to get myself up to speed pretty quickly. Thank you in advance!

This is just for a personal/fun project--I want to learn how to use APIs because I want to play with sports stats (for the NHL/PWHL/international cricket plus a couple of less famous sports leagues like the SDHL). There's an overwhelming number of resources out there and I'm not sure where to start, so any tutorials/suggestions would be welcome. I know there are sport-specific API scrapers that simplify things but I'd like to learn how to do this more generally instead of having to learn a tool for every league.

I mostly program in Matlab but I do use Python sometimes, usually Jupyter notebooks. My coding knowledge is super patchy, I basically know a lot about my projects (data analysis for my research, with the data in specific formats), but very little about anything else.

(Yes, I could use AI, but for a project that's just for my own enjoyment I kinda just want to learn how to do it myself.)

install --progress-bar off --user pygame

Collecting pygame

Using cached pygame-2.6.1.tar.gz (14.8 MB)

Installing build dependencies: started

Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'

Getting requirements to build wheel: started

Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'error'

error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.

│ exit code: 1

╰─> [123 lines of output]

Skipping Cython compilation

WARNING, No "Setup" File Exists, Running "buildconfig/config.py"

Using WINDOWS configuration...

Making dir :prebuilt_downloads:

Downloading... https://www.libsdl.org/release/SDL2-devel-2.28.4-VC.zip 25ef9d201ce3fd5f976c37dddedac36bd173975c

Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\SDL2-devel-2.28.4-VC.zip:

Downloading... https://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_image/release/SDL2_image-devel-2.0.5-VC.zip 137f86474691f4e12e76e07d58d5920c8d844d5b

Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\SDL2_image-devel-2.0.5-VC.zip:

Downloading... https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_ttf/releases/download/release-2.20.1/SDL2_ttf-devel-2.20.1-VC.zip 371606aceba450384428fd2852f73d2f6290b136

---

For help with compilation see:

https://www.pygame.org/wiki/CompileWindows

To contribute to pygame development see:

https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html

---

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 1321, in do_open

h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,

~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\http\client.py", line 1358, in request

self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\http\client.py", line 1404, in _send_request

self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\http\client.py", line 1353, in endheaders

self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\http\client.py", line 1113, in _send_output

self.send(msg)

~~~~~~~~~^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\http\client.py", line 1057, in send

self.connect()

~~~~~~~~~~~~^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\http\client.py", line 1499, in connect

self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^

server_hostname=server_hostname)

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\ssl.py", line 455, in wrap_socket

return self.sslsocket_class._create(

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^

sock=sock,

^^^^^^^^^^

...<5 lines>...

session=session

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

)

^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\ssl.py", line 1076, in _create

self.do_handshake()

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\ssl.py", line 1372, in do_handshake

self._sslobj.do_handshake()

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^

ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1081)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\pyproject_hooks_in_process_in_process.py", line 389, in <module>

main()

~~~~^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\pyproject_hooks_in_process_in_process.py", line 373, in main

json_out["return_val"] = hook(**hook_input["kwargs"])

~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\pyproject_hooks_in_process_in_process.py", line 143, in get_requires_for_build_wheel

return hook(config_settings)

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-kanljdzv\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 333, in get_requires_for_build_wheel

return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-kanljdzv\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 301, in _get_build_requires

self.run_setup()

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-kanljdzv\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 520, in run_setup

super().run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-kanljdzv\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 317, in run_setup

exec(code, locals()) # noqa: S102 # exec is intentional here

~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "<string>", line 432, in <module>

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-taytx0sx\pygame_236d8736d07842b1bbb489950052c45c\buildconfig\config.py", line 234, in main

deps = CFG.main(**kwds, auto_config=auto)

File "C:\Users\ASUS\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-taytx0sx\pygame_236d8736d07842b1bbb489950052c45c\buildconfig\config_win.py", line 479, in main

and download_win_prebuilt.ask(**download_kwargs):

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-taytx0sx\pygame_236d8736d07842b1bbb489950052c45c\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 265, in ask

update(x86=x86, x64=x64)

~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-taytx0sx\pygame_236d8736d07842b1bbb489950052c45c\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 248, in update

download_prebuilts(download_dir, x86=x86, x64=x64)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-taytx0sx\pygame_236d8736d07842b1bbb489950052c45c\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 116, in download_prebuilts

download_sha1_unzip(url, checksum, temp_dir, 1)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-taytx0sx\pygame_236d8736d07842b1bbb489950052c45c\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 51, in download_sha1_unzip

response = urllib.urlopen(request).read()

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 187, in urlopen

return opener.open(url, data, timeout)

~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 487, in open

response = self._open(req, data)

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 504, in _open

result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +

'_open', req)

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 464, in _call_chain

result = func(*args)

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 1369, in https_open

return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,

~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

context=self._context)

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File "C:\Users\pcname\AppData\Local\Programs\Thonny\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 1324, in do_open

raise URLError(err)

urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error \[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1081)>

[end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

ERROR: Failed to build 'pygame' when getting requirements to build wheel

Process returned with code 1

(note, any instance of 'pcname' is the name of my computer, I just needed to keep that private).

Hi! Everyone, I am new to python and I want to learn it fully and clearly and want to make my fundamentals strong. Is there any specific video or website to learn basics and how many months does it usually takes to learn the python completely?

I'm a second-year BCA student in Jaipur, learning Python alongside my coursework, and I built a small Telegram bot for myself that started out as one simple file. At first it just did one job, so a single file made sense. Then I kept adding features one at a time — a few more commands, some scheduled messages, a bit of stored data — and now it's a few hundred lines in one file and I'm honestly scared to touch it.

Every change feels risky because everything is tangled together. Functions call each other across unrelated features, I've got similar code copied in two places, and I'm never quite sure what will break if I move something. I've read about modules and packages, but most tutorials use tiny toy examples, and they don't show what the messy middle step looks like on a real, growing project.

So for people who've actually done this refactor: how did you decide where to split? By feature, by layer (commands vs data vs helpers), or something else? Did you move one piece at a time, or rewrite the structure in one go? And without a proper test suite, how did you check after each move that you hadn't broken something quietly?

I'm not looking for the textbook definition of a module — I want to know what your first real split looked like, and what mistake you'd avoid if you did it again.

I am totally new to coding and working slowly through the course at futurecoder.io .

On the topic 'Introducing For Loops' we are asked to run the program:

name = 'World'
for character in name: print(character)

I figured character might be some kind of term that python recognises and knows what to do with, like print. Colour me surprised when replacing character with kitten runs, and has the same output. I thought maybe number in place of character might not work, since the characters are all letters, but it works too.

Why is it so? What concept do I need to grasp here?